The U.S. government on Tuesday filed a civil lawsuit against Edward Snowden, a former CIA employee and National Security Agency (NSA) whistleblower, over the publication this week of his memoir. Snowden, the suit contends, "published a book entitled Permanent Record in violation of the non-disclosure agreements he signed with both CIA and NSA." The lawsuit alleges that Snowden published without submitting the book to the agencies for pre-publication review, "in violation of his express obligations under the agreements he signed."