Japanese and South Korean foreign ministers agreed Saturday to arrange a summit between their leaders next month, seeking to build on a lowering of tensions after Seoul stuck to a key military pact.
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and President Moon Jae-in could meet in China next month, their ministers agreed on the sidelines of a G20 meeting in Nagoya, Japan.
"We bought time for intense discussions, but there's not much time left for us," South Korea's foreign minister, Kang Kyung-wha, told reporters after meeting with her Japanese counterpart, Toshimitsu Motegi.
Motegi had earlier said that he wanted to discuss the issue frankly.
"I aim to hold a candid exchange of views on the matter of laborers from the Korean peninsula, which is the core problem, and other bilateral issues," Motegi told reporters in Nagoya.
Ties between the two countries, both key U.S. allies in the region, have hit rock bottom in recent months over trade and Japan's historic war-time atrocities, leading to Seoul threatening to withdraw from a key military intelligence-sharing pact.
But late Friday, with only six hours until the pact was due to expire, South Korea reversed course and agreed to extend it "conditionally," warning however it could be "terminated" at any moment.
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The accord, known as GSOMIA, enabled the two U.S. allies to share military secrets, particularly over Pyongyang's nuclear and missile capacity.
Washington welcomed Seoul's decision but urged the pair to "continue sincere discussions to ensure a lasting solution to historic issues."
Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe gave a muted response to the decision on Friday, stressing that co-ordination between Tokyo, Seoul, and Washington was "very important," while his defense minister urged South Korea to extend the pact "in a firm manner".
The relationship between Japan and South Korea has been overshadowed by 35 years of brutal colonization by the Japanese, including the use of sex slaves and forced labor, that is still bitterly resented today.
Ties began a downward spiral after a series of South Korean court rulings ordering Japanese firms to compensate wartime forced labor victims.
This infuriated Tokyo, with Japan insisting the matter was settled in a 1965 treaty normalizing diplomatic relations between the two countries, which included significant reparations.
'Long-term drift'
The historic dispute morphed into a trade spat between the two market economies, as Japan removed South Korea from a so-called "white list" of countries that enjoyed streamlined export control procedures.
South Korea hit back with similar trade restrictions and a decision to scrap the intelligence-sharing pact, surprising analysts who thought defense ties would be immune to the diplomatic row.
While insisting the issues of trade and GSOMIA were completely separate, Japan's trade ministry announced that working-level talks would resume between the pair to thrash out their trade differences.
"Thus far Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has signaled no shift in his government's position on either the white list or the dispute over compensation for colonial-era forced labor that triggered this year's crisis in bilateral relations," noted Tobias Harris, an analyst at Teneo consultants.
"Without assurances that Seoul will adhere to Japan's understanding of the treaty, it may be difficult to prevent the long-term drift in the relationship," added Harris.
The G20 gathering focused on global trade issues – including the reform of the World Trade Organisations – as well as the environment and African development.
Motegi said ministers had agreed on the "urgent" need to reform the WTO amid a collapse in the multilateral trading system and the U.S.-China trade war.
(With input from AFP, Reuters)