Answer Bank: Is treatment necessary for mild cases of COVID-19?

Experts have pointed out that the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a self-limited disease, which refers to some special virus infections and autoimmune diseases that can be cured through one's own immune regulation, such as a viral cold.

But, it's wrong to equate COVID-19 with a disease that doesn't require treatment, said Wang Guiqiang, chief physician at Peking University First Hospital.

"Self-limited disease is an expression shared by infectious diseases and some other diseases, which means that no special intervention or etiological treatment is required, and eventually the patient can recover by him/herself," said Wang. "But self-healing is not the same as no need for treatment."

From the perspective of virology, the novel coronavirus doesn't need intensive antiviral treatment. Some patients can effectively eliminate the virus through their own strong immunity and the disease will not turn into a chronic one, said Wang, adding that some mild cases can be cured by general supportive symptomatic treatment and traditional Chinese medicine.

But the disease does result in some deaths. For the elderly with underlying diseases, in particular, COVID-19 can cause complications which worsen their conditions and lead to death.

"Mild cases should not be taken lightly either," stressed Wang, as the disease may progress rapidly.

The novel coronavirus reproduces slowly in the human body in the early stage, making it less likely to alert the immune system. However, many patients deteriorated suddenly after a week or two, said Ding Xinmin, chief physician of the respiratory department at Beijing Shijitan Hospital.

"Patients differ in genes and immunity. People with low immunity are unable to resist the invasion of the virus, and an excessive immune response may set off a cytokine storm, causing greater damage," Ding explained.

Wang emphasized the importance of timely treatment for patients of COVID-19. "All patients should be diagnosed early and treated early to avoid the risk of developing into severe condition."