Treating COVID-19 patients with the malaria drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which has been touted by U.S. president Donald Trump as a potential "game changer," had no positive effect and caused other health complications, two new studies showed Friday. 

Although initial studies in lab settings showed the anti-inflammatory may be able to prevent the virus replicating, several subsequent studies – including one funded by the U.S. government – appear to have doused hopes that HCQ can help patients hospitalized with COVID-19. 

In the first study released Friday, researchers in France monitored 181 patients hospitalized with pneumonia due to COVID-19 and who needed oxygen. 

Eighty-four were treated with HCQ and 97 were not. 

They found no meaningful difference between the groups for either transfer to intensive care, death within seven days or developing acute respiratory distress syndrome within 10 days. 

"Hydroxychloroquine has received worldwide attention as a potential treatment for COVID-19 because of positive results from small studies," said the authors of the research, published in the BMJ journal. 

"However, the results of this study do not support its use in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 who require oxygen." 

A second study saw researchers in China split 150 COVID-19 patients in to two groups, one of which received HCQ. 

After four weeks tests revealed similar rates of sustained infection among both groups, though adverse reactions to treatment were more common in the HCQ group. 

Nor did the severity or duration of symptoms differ between each group. 

Hydroxychloroquine and a related compound chloroquine have been used for decades to treat malaria, as well as the autoimmune disorders lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. 

Last month the European Medicines Agency warned that there was no indication HCQ could treat COVID-19 and said some studies had seen serious and sometimes fatal heart problems in patients.