The Bank of Japan on Wednesday maintained ultra-low interest rates, including its 0.5 percent cap for the 10-year bond yield, defying market expectations it would phase out its massive stimulus program in the wake of rising inflationary pressure.

At a two-day policy meeting, the BOJ kept intact its yield curve control (YCC) targets, set at -0.1 percent for short-term interest rates and around 0 percent for the 10-year yield, by a unanimous vote.

The central bank also made no change to its guidance that allows the 10-year bond yield to move 50 basis points on either side of its 0 percent target.

The decision follows the BOJ's surprise move last month to double the yield band, a tweak that analysts say has failed to correct market distortions caused by its heavy bond buying.

Markets had anticipated a possible change to policy at the meeting. The decision to keep settings unchanged sent the dollar surging nearly 2 percent against the yen, its biggest one-day percentage jump since June 17.

"I rather they abandon, or don't do anything at all," said Christopher Wong, currency strategist at OCBC in Singapore.

"With expectations running high, a no move would disappoint JPY bulls and weakness can return. But this is likely to be temporary."

The market's focus now shifts to the next meeting in March, which will be the final one Governor Haruhiko Kuroda chairs before his term ends in April, Wong said.

Since December's action, the BOJ has faced the biggest test to YCC since its introduction in 2016 as rising inflation and the prospects of higher wages gave traders an excuse to attack the central bank's yield cap with aggressive bond selling.

In a quarterly report released on Wednesday, the BOJ raised its core consumer inflation forecast for the current fiscal year ending in March to 3.0 percent, from 2.9 percent projected in October.

It also revised up the inflation forecast for fiscal 2024 to 1.8 percent, from 1.6 percent seen three months ago. The forecast for fiscal 2023 was maintained at a 1.6 percent increase.

Japan's core consumer inflation has exceeded the BOJ's 2 percent target for eight straight months, as companies raised prices to pass on higher raw material costs to households.

Data due out on Friday is likely to show inflation hit a fresh 41-year high of 4.0 percent in December, according to a Reuters poll, although analysts expect price growth to moderate later this year reflecting recent declines in global commodity prices.