In this week's Science Saturday, we look at science news ranging from distant galaxies to new projections for climate change.

'Green pea' galaxies

Astronomers have found three tiny galaxies that could explain a long-standing cosmic mystery. 

The galaxies, named green peas because of their color and size, date to more than 13 billion years ago. Experts say they leak more ultraviolet light and rip more electrons from atoms than typical galaxies do. 

This could explain the reionization of early space, which is a period when harsh radiation cleared a "fog" of hydrogen atoms to reveal stars and galaxies for the first time.

Robotic wing

Researchers say birds fly more efficiently by folding their wings during the upstroke. 

The Swedish-Swiss team has mirrored this action by creating a robotic wing. They say the wing allows them to find out which movement patterns create the most force and are the most efficient. 

They believe the findings will help them better understand how the migration of birds is affected by climate change and access to food.

The hope the flapping robotic wing can also help create drones that can deliver goods more efficiently.

Climate change

Two out of three glaciers could be lost by 2100. Scientists say with current climate trends, these glaciers will be affected by global temperature increases of 1.5 to 4 degrees Celsius. If lost, they can negatively impact local hydrology, tourism, and glacier hazards. 

Experts hope this projection will encourage climate policymakers to lower temperature change goals beyond the 2.7-degree Celsius mark that pledges from COP-26 are projected to hit. 

They say urgent action is needed as it could take decades for glaciers to respond to changes in climate.

Winter storms 

NASA is tracking winter storms to better understand how they form and develop. They are flying across the Midwest and Eastern United States in two planes equipped with scientific instruments. They are investigating winter storms, one above the storm and one within the clouds. 

The team hopes that the data will improve weather models and our ability to use satellite data to predict how much snow will fall and where. It's the first comprehensive study of snowstorms across the Eastern United States in 30 years.