A resident of a riverside community carries a container of drinking water from an aid distribution due to the ongoing drought in Careiro da Varzea, Amazonas state, Brazil, October 24, 2023. /CFP
As the Amazon drought rages on, public authorities in Brazil are scrambling to deliver food and water to thousands of isolated communities throughout a vast and roadless territory where boats are the only means of transportation.
Across Amazonas state, which has a territory the size of three Californias, 59 out of its 62 municipalities are under state of emergency, impacting 633,000 people. In the capital Manaus, Negro River — a major tributary of the Amazon — has reached its lowest level since official measurements began 121 years ago.
Residents of a riverside community carry food and containers of drinking water, Careiro da Varzea, Amazonas state, Brazil, October 24, 2023. /CFP
One of the most impacted cities is Careiro da Varzea, near Manaus by the Amazon River. On Tuesday, the municipality distributed emergency kits using an improvised barge originally designed to transport cattle.
Distribution sites were parked miles away, requiring residents, most of them small farmers and fishermen, to walk long distances through former riverbeds turned into endless sand banks and mud.
Each family received a basic food package and 20 liters (5.3 gallons) of water, enough for just a few days but a heavy burden to carry under the scorching heat.
Residents of a riverside community carry food and containers of drinking water, Careiro da Varzea, Amazonas state, Brazil, October 24, 2023. /CFP
"I will have to carry the food package on my back for half an hour," said Moisés Batista de Souza, a small farmer from the Sao Lazaro community. He said the biggest problem is getting drinkable water. To reach the closest source demands a long walk from his house.
"Everybody in Careiro da Varzea has been affected by the drought," said Jean Costa de Souza, chief of Civil Defense of Careiro da Varzea, a municipality of 19,600 people, most living in rural areas. "Unfortunately, people don't have water. Some lost their crops, while others couldn't transport their output."
A resident of a riverside community carries a container of drinking water from an aid distribution site due to the ongoing drought in Careiro da Varzea, Amazonas state, Brazil, October 24, 2023. /CFP
Costa de Souza said the municipality will finish the first round of deliveries to all rural communities next week. The other two rounds are under planning, pending receiving aid from state and federal governments.
Dry spells are part of the Amazon's cyclical weather pattern, with lighter rainfall from May to October for most of the rainforest. The season is being further stretched this year by two climate phenomena: the warming of northern tropical Atlantic Ocean waters and El Niño – the warming of surface waters in the Equatorial Pacific region – which will peak between December and January.