Israel and Hamas resumed hostilities after a week-long truce ended on December 1, with both sides accusing the other of violating the ceasefire agreement before it ended. During the truce, 80 Israeli hostages were freed in exchange for 240 Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails. More than 20 foreigners, most of them Thais living in Israel, were freed outside the scope of the agreement.

Israel resumed its deadly bombardment of Gaza on December 1, saying it struck more than 200 targets in the densely inhabited Palestinian territory despite international calls for a renewed pause. Hours into the renewed bombardment, Gaza's Health Ministry said at least 178 people were killed and hundreds wounded.