Exploring the glory of the Xia, Shang and Zhou civilizations in Dalian

An exhibition featuring the civilizations of the Xia (2070-1600 BC), Shang (1600-1046 BC), and Zhou (1046-256 BC) dynasties is currently running at the Dalian Museum, where 89 artifacts, or sets of artifacts – including five national first-class cultural relics – reveal recent archaeological discoveries made in the region.

Located in the heartland of China along the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, Henan is a pivotal birthplace of Chinese civilization. It served as a political, economic and cultural hub in ancient China, and more than 20 dynasties established their capitals there.

A wealth of precious cultural relics reflecting the civilization of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties have been unearthed in Henan. Based on these archaeological discoveries, the exhibition vividly showcases the systems of music and rituals, national affairs, and social life from these distant ages.

The Jade Ox, unearthed from a site in Luoshan County in Xinyang, Henan, is a national first-class cultural relic. The jade is finely crafted, depicting a reclining ox with a partially open mouth. The exquisite workmanship, skilled carving, and use of naturalistic patterns typify the high levels of craftsmanship and aesthetic sensibilities found in jade carvings from the late Shang Dynasty.

Within the context of the three dynasties, ding – a tripod vessel from ancient times – not only symbolized the power of a kingdom but also served as a ritual object widely used in political and religious activities such as sacrifices, banquets, court ceremonies, weddings, and funerals. The "Wangziwu" ding on display was unearthed in Nanyang, Henan in 1978. Its exquisite and well-proportioned design displays the majestic and dynamic artistic charm of the Chu Kingdom.

Another nationally significant set of artifacts featured in the exhibition are the "Panlong" jian, ancient water vessels. Unearthed in Huixian, Henan, these vessels have a large and elaborate design and exquisite patterns. When filled with water, they could be used as a mirror for dressing, and when filled with ice, they could cool and preserve food and beverages. Additionally, these vessels could also serve as bathing utensils, which may explain their generally larger size.

The exhibition will run until February 25, 2024.