The El Nino weather pattern has begun to weaken but will continue to fuel above average temperatures across the globe, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said on Tuesday.
El Nino is a naturally occurring weather phenomenon associated with a disruption of wind patterns that means warmer ocean surface temperatures in the eastern and central Pacific.
El Nino, which occurs on average every two to seven years, typically lasts nine to twelve months and can provoke extreme weather phenomena such as wildfires, tropical cyclones and prolonged droughts.
A man sits in the shadow on the Seine river banks in Paris where temperatures rose up to 33 degrees Celsius, France, September 7, 2023. /CFP
WMO spokesperson Claire Nullis said El Nino had peaked in December and would go down as one of the five strongest in history.
"It's now gradually weakening, but obviously it will continue to impact the global climate in the coming months," she told reporters in Geneva. "We do expect above normal temperatures in the coming months, between March and May, and overall in most land areas."
In separate comments, WMO Secretary-General Celeste Saulo said El Nino had partly contributed to recent temperature records. "Every month since June 2023 has set a new monthly temperature record – and 2023 was by far the warmest year on record," Saulo said in a statement.
"El Nino has contributed to these record temperatures, but heat-trapping greenhouse gases are unequivocally the main culprit."
The WMO said there was about a 60 percent chance of El Nino persisting from March to May and a 80 percent chance of neutral conditions, neither El Nino nor La Nina, in April to June.
There is a chance of La Nina – a weather pattern characterized by unusually cold temperatures in the Pacific Ocean – developing later in the year, but the odds remain uncertain, the WMO said.