Why is the ancient wisdom of Taoism still relevant in the modern age?

Editor's note:

In the CGTN interview series "East Encounters West: Talk to Sinologists," Misha Tadd, associate professor at Nankai University's College of Philosophy and director of the Global Laozegetics Research Center, explores his deep connection with the "Tao Te Ching." The series itself underscores the unique blend of personal passion and academic rigor among various sinologists and translators. It also examines the broader implications of their studies, suggesting that traditional Chinese philosophy could offer valuable insights into global challenges and help promote harmonious coexistence worldwide.

The first episode of this series is divided into two parts. The first part highlights Tadd's discovery of the "Tao Te Ching" during his teenage years, a pivotal moment that ignited his passion for Taoism and shaped his academic path. This part primarily focuses on the dissemination of the "Tao Te Ching" in the West, Sino-American cultural exchanges, and the relevance of this classic to international relations. It offers a rare glimpse into the world of Taoist philosophy and its impact on modern society, providing valuable insights into ancient wisdom that continues to resonate today.

"What accounts for the enduring popularity of Taoism in the West?" This question initiates a captivating exploration of Taoist philosophy's influence throughout history and cultures. Tadd's insights illuminate the enduring fascination with the "Tao Te Ching," whose straightforward yet cryptic language draws inquisitive minds into a maze of introspection. Reflecting on his own teenage captivation with the text, Tadd reveals how its apparent contradictions convey profound insights that resonate universally with readers.

A convergence of ancient wisdom

According to Tadd, there are parallels between Taoist and Western philosophical traditions. From the profound inquiries of Laozi and Socrates to the shared quest for understanding the mysteries of existence, both converge on fundamental questions that transcend cultural boundaries, revealing insights into humility, awe and the pursuit of universal truths.

"There's a humility in both the Socratic tradition and the Taoist tradition about human's capacity to understand the universe," he said. "But at the same time, there's a great desire to connect to something bigger than just our individual selves."

Softness and trust in international relations

Drawing from the "Tao Te Ching," Tadd highlights the concept of softness and weakness overcoming hardness and strength. This principle, he suggests, can be instrumental in international diplomacy. Additionally, Tadd references another significant quote from the "Tao Te Ching," "If you don't trust others enough, they will not be trustworthy." He underscores the importance of trust as a foundational element in building and maintaining relationships, particularly in complex international contexts.

Tadd elaborates on the Taoist approach to trust, which contrasts with the conventional view that trust must be earned. "First, you treat them as though they're trustworthy," he explains, "and because of that, they will behave and be trustworthy towards you." This proactive demonstration of respect fosters mutual trust and strengthens diplomatic relationships.

In another instance, Ban Ki-moon, the former secretary-general of the UN, visited President Obama during his tenure. During this visit, Ban presented Obama with a gift of four Chinese characters: "Shang Shan Ruo Shui," which translates to "the highest good is like water." This phrase, from Chapter 8 of the "Tao Te Ching," encapsulates the values that true goodness is akin to the nature of water.

This idea ties back to a key concept in the "Tao Te Ching" that softness and weakness are superior ways of being. For a diplomat, this principle is particularly relevant. Diplomacy often involves negotiating delicate relationships with a soft and sensitive approach rather than using blunt force. It's about working collaboratively with the other side, finding common ground and being sensitive to different perspectives.

Bridging cultural divides through human exchange

Against the backdrop of evolving China-U.S. relations, Tadd advocates for greater cultural exchange and human interaction as catalysts for building bridges of understanding and cooperation.

"I think what's most important is human exchange. And, of course, often, to get to that point, you need some other influence or inspiration," said Tadd. "Like for me, I wouldn't have ever come to China if I hadn't encountered the "Tao Te Ching." And so maybe the first stage is some kind of cultural awareness."

"But I think travel to back and forth, meeting people in person is very valuable and probably the most valuable thing," he said.

Reflecting on historical examples like Ping-Pong Diplomacy, he highlights the power of personal encounters in transcending geopolitical divides and fostering connections between peoples of diverse cultures.

"In the past, we've had things like Ping-Pong Diplomacy. And is that because ping-pong is somehow the magic thing that gets people to communicate in a harmonious way? No, it's just because people coming together and interacting in a very human way is powerful for promoting harmony and for promoting understanding," he said.

While acknowledging that the "Tao Te Ching" cannot solve all global problems, Tadd emphasizes its enduring relevance. "I've studied this now for 30 years, and I still find it relevant to many things I never thought it would be relevant to," he remarks, encouraging people to read the text and explore its insights.

Image designers: Yin Yating

Script and text writer: Zhong Xia

Video editor: Qi Jianqiang