Originating from ancient beliefs and sacrificial rituals, the Dragon Boat Festival, or Duanwu Festival, has evolved over more than two thousand years to become an important symbol of Chinese culture. It is the only traditional Chinese festival recognized by UNESCO as Intangible Cultural Heritage.
A file photo shows a statue of Qu Yuan at his birthplace in Zigui County, Hubei Province. /IC
Throughout history, the festival has come to be associated with the memory of Qu Yuan, a poet of the ancient Chu state during China's Warring States Period (475-221 BC), who drowned himself in a river after hearing about the defeat of his state. During the Sui (581-618) and Tang (618-907) dynasties, the customs of eating glutinous rice dumplings known as zongzi and dragon boat racing –primarily in honor of Qu Yuan – became nationwide traditions passed down through the generations.
The renowned late Chinese poet and scholar Wen Yiduo once remarked, "The fact that the Chinese people are willing to dedicate such an important festival to Qu Yuan shows the significant role his character plays in their lives."
Zongzi, glutinous rice dumplings, are a signature dish of the Duanwu Festival. /IC
Qu Yuan, born in central China's Hubei Province, is recognized as the founder of Chinese romantic literature and revered as the "Ancestor of Chinese Poetry." His works occupy a large part of the Chinese classics "The Songs of Chu," the first anthology of romantic poetry in the history of Chinese literature, which is considered one of the two main pillars of Chinese literature, alongside the ancient anthology "Classic of Poetry."
A file photo shows the book "The Songs of Chu," from the collection of the National Museum of Classic Books in Beijing. /CFP
Liu Weicheng, director of the Hubei Provincial Library, emphasizes that the collection of books on Qu Yuan has profound cultural significance and is vital for promoting the culture of the Dragon Boat Festival and fostering a sense of pride in China's rich traditional heritage.
In addition to being a poet, Qu Yuan was a descendant of the Chu royal family and a high-ranking official. Associate Professor Li Xiangzhen, from the School of Sociology at Wuhan University, notes that Qu Yuan's eternal legacy lies in his literary works and his political aspirations, which always saw him stand on the side of the people. His greatness is marked by his profound compassion for his country and his fervent loyalty to the monarchy.
A file photo shows a dragon boat race held at Qu Yuan's hometown in Zigui County, Hubei Province. /IC
The enduring national spirit and cultural strength imparted by Qu Yuan have stood the test of time. Today, they continue to resonate with the younger generation who embrace his principles as a confident expression of appreciation for traditional culture.