Black soil, the 'panda of farmland'

Often referred to as the "panda of farmland," black soil, renowned as one of the world's most fertile soils, is vital for growing crops like rice, corn, soybeans, and sorghum. In China, black soil is primarily found in the northeastern regions, a key area for grain production.

Black soil is characterized by a dark, humus-rich topsoil layer that is highly fertile and ideal for agriculture. However, it is scarce, covering less than 7 percent of the world’s land mass. The black soil in China's northeastern region accounts for around 12 percent of the global total, spanning Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces, as well as the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

The formation of black soil is a lengthy process involving the accumulation, decomposition, leaching, and deposition of humus. It can take 200 to 400 years to form a layer of soil just one centimeter thick, making black soil a precious resource.

Crops grown in black soil are known for their unique quality, thanks to the soil's exceptional properties and favorable climate conditions. The continental monsoon climate in northeastern region of China, with a growing season of around five months, provides ample sunlight, warmth and rain in the summer, aiding crop growth. The long, cold, and dry winters reduce pest problems and minimize the need for pesticides.

Despite these advantages, black soil in northeast China faces degradation due to land development and overuse. Recognizing its importance, China has taken significant steps to preserve and utilize this vital resource. In 2022, a law on black soil protection was enacted to secure China's grain supply and safeguard the ecosystem.

Through technological innovation, the demonstration and promotion of new techniques, and the implementation of protective policies, significant progress has been made to safeguard the future of black soil.