The lunar glow: Science and tradition in the Lantern Festival sky

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The first full moon of the Year of the Snake rises over the city skyline in Beijing, China, February 12, 2025. /VCG

As the warm glow of millions of lanterns paints cities and towns across China in vibrant hues, a gentler, celestial light is also captivating hearts and minds this Lantern Festival: the luminous full moon.

Far more than just a picturesque backdrop to the festive celebrations, watching the moon on this culturally significant night is a deeply cherished tradition, intricately woven into the very fabric of Chinese heritage.

A full moon shines in the night sky over the ancient Tengwang Pavilion, Nanchang City, east China's Jiangxi Province, February 12, 2025. /VCG

A full moon casts a glow over the ancient Jinshanling section of the Great Wall, Luanping County, north China's Hebei Province, February 12, 2025. /VCG

This lunar observance is not simply about gazing at the silvery orb in the sky; it's a deeply meaningful act of celebrating family reunion.

It's fascinating to consider that this beautiful moon, so central to the Lantern Festival, doesn't glow on its own. It's all about reflected sunlight. Think of the moon as a giant space mirror catching rays from the sun.

The full moon magic happens when Earth positions itself directly between the sun and the moon. In this cosmic lineup, the sun's light floods the entire side of the moon that's facing us.

VCG

Because we're seeing the whole sunlit face of the moon from here on Earth, it appears as that perfectly round, fully illuminated orb we call a full moon.

This February full moon, however, is just a beautiful prelude to a season of celestial events. Skywatchers are in for a treat in the coming months with a variety of celestial events on display. April will bring the Lyrids and Eta Aquariids meteor showers. In late March, a partial solar eclipse will grace parts of the world.

More incredible events are anticipated around August, and we will continue to bring you timely updates on these wonders, encouraging everyone to look up and marvel at the universe above.