Researchers have identified a novel microbial species discovered aboard the China Space Station, officially named Niallia tiangongensis, according to the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA).
The findings were published in the academic journal International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.
This discovery was made possible through the space station's engineering and aerospace technology experimental program. The research team focused on monitoring the dynamic changes and safety control of environmental microbes during the space station's long-term operation. They designed a comprehensive microbial monitoring mission called the China Space Station Habitation Area Microbiome Program.
In May 2023, the Shenzhou-15 astronaut crew collected microbial samples from cabin surfaces in orbit. The samples were stored at low temperatures and later transported back to Earth for analysis. Through morphological observation, genome sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and metabolic profiling, researchers confirmed the novel species.
The return capsule of the Shenzhou-15 manned spacecraft lands at the Dongfeng landing site in north China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, June 4, 2023. /VCG
Microbes are among the oldest and most diverse forms of life on Earth. A novel microbial species refers to one that has never been previously discovered, studied or named by humans.
Niallia tiangongensis excels at adapting to the space environment. Firstly, the species has an exceptional ability to withstand stress. It regulates the biosynthesis of bacillithiol to effectively manage oxidative stress in space. This mechanism maintains cellular redox balance, allowing the microbe to grow robustly under extreme conditions. Secondly, Niallia tiangongensis exhibits unique traits in biofilm formation and radiation damage repair.
The protein structure differences between Niallia tiangongensis and its closest relative. /CMSA
Niallia tiangongensis's survival strategies offer groundbreaking insights for researchers. Its mechanisms for adapting to space conditions can help design targeted microbial control strategies, providing precise intervention ideas for fields such as aerospace, agriculture, industry and medicine. Additionally, its ability to utilize certain organic compounds opens new possibilities for the sustainable use of these substances.
As the space station continues its long-term operations, ongoing studies of microbial active substances, genetic resources and metabolic functions are expected to produce significant results, bringing new opportunities for scientific research and practical applications on Earth.
(Cover via CMSA)