Former U.S. Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers has warned of "iatrogenic volatility" in financial markets – volatility caused by policymakers undermining the very stability they are tasked with maintaining. He points to inconsistent tariff policies, fluctuating trade measures, and attacks on traditional institutions such as law firms and universities as key factors eroding trust in the rule of law. Summers cautions that these actions collectively foster uncertainty, diminish confidence and inflict significant economic damage, urging a reevaluation of current policies to restore market stability.