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China through the eyes of a sinologist: culture, cooperation and development

CGTN

 , Updated 19:56, 27-Jun-2025
09:31

Editor's note: CGTN's series "East Encounters West: Talk to Sinologists" features Sinologist Ragnar Baldursson, a former Icelandic diplomat and doctoral supervisor at the Academy of the Global South of Beijing Language and Culture University. In this interview, conducted at the World Sinology Center located at the university, he shares his unique perspective on Chinese culture, drawing from decades of firsthand experience. The series highlights the dedication of scholars who bridge Eastern and Western understanding and explores how traditional Chinese philosophy offers valuable insights into today's global challenges, promoting harmonious coexistence.

The second part of this episode delves into Baldursson's experiences as a diplomat in China, how these opportunities broadened his understanding of the nation, and his insights into the enduring influence of Confucianism on both the Chinese people and himself. It also explores the relevance of the Confucian principle "junzi he er bu tong" (The gentleman aims at harmony, and not at uniformity) in modern international relations, the geothermal energy cooperation between China and Iceland, and his reflections on the philosophical foundations of China's rapid development.

Baldursson shares that his most profound learning about China came not from official engagements, but from conversations with ordinary people, like taxi drivers. Their subtle adherence to Confucian principles, even while expressing disinterest in politics, revealed the deep cultural imprint of this ancient philosophy.

Having studied and translated Confucian classics, Baldursson acknowledges their significant impact on his own worldview, adding an "extra dimension" to his Icelandic identity. He now sees the world through a dual lens, appreciating diverse perspectives in line with the Confucian ideal of "He wei gui" (harmony is precious), and advocates for cooperation through understanding differences.

Geothermal energy cooperation

Drawing on his diplomatic experiences, Baldursson emphasizes the Chinese approach to diplomacy rooted in the principle of "junzi he er bu tong." He observed China's willingness to embrace diverse perspectives while striving for common ground in international negotiations.

As a diplomat, Baldursson actively contributed to the geothermal energy collaboration between China and Iceland. He highlights how Iceland's expertise in sustainable geothermal energy has been shared with China, with numerous Chinese leaders and students visiting Iceland for knowledge exchange. This reflects a successful partnership between a large and a small nation, united by a shared commitment to green development.

Ancient wisdom driving modern progress

Baldursson mentions that the philosophical roots of China's ambitious green transition and rapid development, suggesting the influence of concepts like "Tian ren he yi" (harmony between humanity and nature).

Confucianism and other ancient Chinese philosophies, which emphasize cooperative development and trust, have some roots in China's rice-growing culture, according to Baldursson. Such culture necessitated large-scale collaboration. This historical emphasis on coordination and trust, he said, explains China's speed of development and its efficiency in global sourcing and production chains, a legacy spanning millennia.

Executive Producer: Zhang Jingwen

Producer: Yang Sha

Directors: Zhong Xia, Zhang Yuying

Camera operators: Liu Yuhao, Li Bancheng

Cover image designer: Sha Yunjin

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