Traditional irrigation landscapes draw visitors in China and Indonesia

Taking full advantage of their local geological conditions, both China and Indonesia have developed advanced irrigation systems that not only promote the development of agriculture but also help to boost local tourism. Among them, the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces and the Bali Subak System are notable examples of this harmonious relationship between humans and nature.

The cultivation of the rice terraces in Honghe, southwest China's Yunnan Province, can be traced back to the Sui and Tang dynasties over 1,000 years ago. Distributed according to the local terrain, the terraces extend from the foot of the mountains to their summits, which are over 2,000 meters high. Village houses are often located halfway up the mountains, through which water channels pass. The agricultural system of the Hani terraces consists of forests, villages, terraced fields, and water systems. It embodies the unique experience of the local ethnic groups in selecting living environments and managing water resources. In 2013, the Cultural Landscape of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces was inscribed on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

The rice terraces on Bali Island, a global tourist destination in Indonesia, are irrigated through a system called Subak. This system is a manifestation of the "Tri Hita Karana Philosophy," which combines the realms of the spirit, the human world, and nature. Together with canals, dams, and Hindu temples, these rice terraces form a unique cultural landscape that attracts visitors from around the world. The Subak system dates back to the 9th century and is still in use today. In 2012, the Cultural Landscape of Bali Province was inscribed on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.