Esmaeil Baqaei: The UNSC's failure to endorse the draft resolution on extending Resolution 2231 is a clear demonstration of a so-called “rules-based order” where one ruler dictates (NSPM-2) and the E3 merely obey... The E3’s abuse of process cannot alter the legal reality: Resolution 2231 will be deemed terminated on 18 October 2025... Any attempt by the E3 or the US to revive terminated sanctions is null and void. FM Araghchi has conveyed this message in letters to his counterparts worldwide