In October 2025, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China concluded with the adoption of the Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, which sets China's strategic course for 2026 to 2030, a vital period linking past achievements with future modernization goals.

Augusto Leal Rinaldi, an international relations professor at the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo in Brazil, said the core of China's 15th Five-Year Plan lies in its focus on high-quality development, advancing toward developed-nation status through technological self-reliance, green energy transition, and improvements in people's livelihoods. He believes that China's uniquely sustained development path not only enhances its own modernization but also plays a stabilizing role amid global uncertainties, bringing new development opportunities to countries across the Global South.