China's gross domestic product (GDP) grew 5 percent year on year in 2025, meeting the annual target of around 5 percent, official data showed on Monday.

For the full year, GDP came in at 140.19 trillion yuan ($20.12 trillion), according to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).

Key economic indicators pointed to steady and positive growth momentum.

Industrial production recorded solid growth, with the value-added of large industrial enterprises increasing by 5.9 percent year on year. In term of sector, equipment and high-tech manufacturing showed particularly robust performance, with their value-added rising by 9.2 and 9.4 percent, respectively.

Consumer spending also demonstrated resilience. Total retail sales of consumer goods climbed 3.7 percent year on year, surpassing 50 trillion yuan ($7.2 trillion). Notably, online retail sales surged by 8.6 percent.

The service sector also contributed to growth, with its value-added expanding by 5.4 percent.

Meanwhile, investment in the manufacturing sector edged up 0.6 percent, despite a decline of 3.8 percent in overall fixed asset investment.

Foreign trade maintained steady growth despite a challenging global environment. Total import and export of goods rose 3.8 percent year on year, with trade with Belt and Road partner countries growing by 6.3 percent and accounting for over half of the country's total trade volume.

The data also showed that per capita disposable income nationwide rose by 5.0 percent from a year earlier, reflecting steady improvements in household incomes.

Kang Yi, commissioner of the NBS, said at a press briefing on Monday that despite complex changes in the domestic and external economic environment over the past year, China's economy pressed ahead under pressure while moving toward new drivers and higher quality, adding the country successfully fulfilled its main economic and social development targets for the year.

Going forward, China will implement more proactive and effective macroeconomic policies to expand domestic demand, develop new quality productive forces, and advance the development of a unified national market, in order to achieve sustained economic growth, Kang noted.