U.S. President Donald Trump's escalating pressure and threats to acquire Greenland have sparked widespread condemnation and protests.

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said on Tuesday that the European Union stands in full solidarity with Greenland and the Kingdom of Denmark, stressing that their sovereignty and territorial integrity are non-negotiable.

In a special address at the World Economic Forum's annual meeting in Davos, von der Leyen said Europe must adjust to a "new security architecture and realities" and is preparing its own security strategy, including an upgraded Arctic strategy, to be published later this year.

"And at the heart of this will be the fundamental principle: It is for sovereign people to decide their own future," she said.

On the same day, EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas told the European Parliament during a plenary debate on recent U.S. remarks about Greenland that "Greenland belongs to its people. No threat or tariffs will change that. Sovereignty is not for trade."

French President Emmanuel Macron said on Tuesday in Davos that the EU "should not hesitate" to deploy its anti-coercion mechanism in response to the U.S. tariff threats linked to Greenland.

Macron criticized the United States for an "endless accumulation of new tariffs," calling the approach "fundamentally unacceptable." "Even more so when they are used as leverage against territorial sovereignty."

Macron urged renewed commitment to effective multilateralism, saying that international law is being trampled and collective governance is being weakened, creating a world in which "the law of the strongest" increasingly prevails.

Belgian Prime Minister Bart De Wever has fiercely denounced Trump's threats to annex Greenland, saying that he would personally tell Trump he was "crossing red lines" during a planned meeting with Trump at the Swiss resort town on Wednesday.

Noting that so many red lines have been crossed, the Belgian prime minister said: "Being a happy vassal is one thing. Being a miserable slave is something else."

German Christian Democratic Union's Jens Spahn, the CDU/CSU parliamentary group leader, said the demands and threats put forward by the U.S. government are unacceptable to Germany.

Swedish Finance Minister Elisabeth Svantesson said on Monday that the United States' tariff measures on Greenland are "absurd" and stressed that Europe should not bow to pressure and must respond firmly.

Speaking to Swedish television, Svantesson said Trump's threat to impose tariffs to force Greenland "into U.S. hands" marked "a new low" in global trade policy.

Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney on Tuesday also expressed strong support for Greenland and Denmark, and opposition to the United States' proposed tariffs.

Carney said Canada strongly opposes tariffs on Greenland and called for "focused talks to achieve our shared objectives of security and prosperity in the Arctic."

California Governor Gavin Newsom on Tuesday criticized European political leaders for what he described as their "complicity" in failing to stand up to Trump's demands regarding Greenland.

"It's time to buck up, it's time to get serious and stop being complicit," Newsom told reporters. "It's time to stand tall and firm, have a backbone," he said.

Meanwhile, protests have taken place in Copenhagen, Denmark's capital, and in Nuuk, Greenland, calling for "Hands Off Greenland."

In an interview with CGTN, Parisians said, "The U.S. is out of control," while expressing concern about U.S. threats to take over Greenland.

"We can't keep pretending the Americans are the world's saviors," said Paris resident Pascal. "That era is over."

(With input from agencies)