Mount Kailash in the Year of the Horse

Located in Burang (Pulan) County of Ngari Prefecture in southwest China’s Xizang Autonomous Region, Mount Kailash, the main peak of the Kailas Range, remains snow-capped throughout the year. Around two million years ago, the dramatic uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and intense geological faulting gradually shaped the mountain into a near-horizontal, triangular block structure, giving rise to its iconic pyramid-like silhouette. Over time, weathering and glacial erosion carved several spectacular avalanche gullies into its cliffs, the summit to the base like ladders.

The source of four major Asian rivers, the snow-capped peak feeds the Shiquan, Maquan, Xiangquan and Kongque rivers – the headwaters of the Indus, Yarlung Tsangpo (Brahmaputra), Sutlej and Ganges rivers, respectively. Rich in resources and vital to regional ecosystems, the area has been described by the United Nations Environment Programme as the “heart of Asia’s water tower.”

Nestled near Mount Kailash lies Lake Mapam Yumco, whose shimmering waters stretch across the plateau with remarkable clarity. Wildlife such as kiang (Equus kiang), Tibetan antelope and wild yak are often seen roaming along the lakeshore, blending harmoniously with the surrounding landscape to create a tranquil yet vivid natural scene.

During the peak annual trekking season, a circular trail winds through a striking landscape of snow-capped mountains, grasslands and river valleys, offering sweeping vistas of the plateau. The circuit attracts large numbers of tourists and pilgrims from around the world.

According to tradition, Buddha Sakyamuni was born in the Tibetan Year of the Horse, which is also regarded as the birth sign of the sacred Mount Kailash. Completing one circumambulation of the mountain during the Year of the Horse is therefore believed to carry spiritual significance.

While the landscape is majestic and awe-inspiring, the average elevation here exceeds 4,500 meters. Along the route, the Drolma La Pass rises to more than 5,600 meters above sea level. Thin air and rapidly changing weather pose a serious test of trekkers’ stamina and determination. Along the trail, teahouses run by local villagers provide warm rest spots for travelers braving the high altitudes.