Experts: China-Pakistan five-point initiative reflects 'common denominator' for all parties

Amid growing concerns over the risk of escalation in the Middle East, China and Pakistan jointly put forward a five-point initiative on Tuesday, calling for an immediate cessation of hostilities, early peace talks, protection of nonmilitary targets, security of shipping lanes and the primacy of the United Nations Charter.

Analysts say the proposal presents a comprehensive framework for easing tensions involving the United States, Israel and Iran, and reflects what they describe as the "greatest common denominator" among competing interests.

In an interview with CGTN, Chair Professor at Sichuan University Rong Ying said the initiative captures the core concerns shared by all parties. He highlighted the protection of non-military targets and maritime security as particularly critical elements.

"These are the baseline positions and core concerns of the international community in times of conflict," Rong said, noting that they are essential for limiting spillover risks and damage, as well as creating conditions for ceasefire and political dialogue.

Niu Xinchun, dean of the China-Arab States Research Institute at Ningxia University, described the proposal as "sequential and mutually reinforcing." He stressed that a ceasefire is the precondition for any meaningful resolution, while the call for talks – combined with a halt to the use or threat of force – directly addresses recent tensions.

His remarks come against the backdrop of mixed signals from Washington, where diplomatic outreach to Iran has coincided with continued warnings of potential military action by US President Donald Trump.

Qin Tian, deputy director of the Middle East Studies Institute at the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations, said the initiative stands out as a "package solution."

"It addresses urgent priorities such as stopping hostilities, while also emphasizing negotiation as the pathway forward," Qin said. "At the same time, it takes into account global economic concerns, particularly the need to ensure safe passage through the Strait of Hormuz, and underscores the central role of the UN framework."

The ongoing conflict has already disrupted regional stability and is increasingly affecting the global economy, with tighter energy supplies, shipping disruptions and heightened market volatility adding uncertainty to global supply chains.

China has consistently called for de-escalation and dialogue. Diplomatic activity by Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi reflects that effort: between March 1 and 31, he held 18 phone calls and four in-person meetings with counterparts across the Middle East and beyond.

Niu said China, as a major country, has consistently upheld fairness and justice on the international stage and adhered to the fundamental principles and spirit of the United Nations Charter.

In the Middle East, he said, China has long pursued a balanced approach and maintained friendly relations with major countries in the region. "As a result, its efforts to promote peace and facilitate dialogue have been widely welcomed and valued by all parties," said Niu.

Rong added that the joint initiative also underscores the strategic coordination between China and Pakistan, contributing to stability at a time of heightened uncertainty.

He also pointed out that China's sustained diplomatic engagement reflects its active role in coordinating international positions, preventing escalation and advancing its vision of global security through dialogue and cooperation.

Qin noted that the collaboration between China and Pakistan represents an emerging model of mediation, combining the influence of a major global power with that of a key regional player.

He said such cooperation represents a valuable and promising model for Global South countries to further explore, particularly in strengthening their role in promoting peace and facilitating dialogue.