China has successfully launched the Shenzhou-23 crewed mission, with the three astronauts safely entering the country's space station. According to the mission plan, one of them will undertake China's first one-year stay in orbit.

Why is a one-year space stay considered challenging?

Extending a mission from six months to one year creates challenges for astronauts, said Wu Dawei, deputy chief designer of the astronaut system of China's manned space program. These include the physical effects of living in microgravity for a prolonged period, psychological stress, and increased operational complexity.

In response to these challenges, Wu said scientists have conducted comprehensive analysis and formulated plans to make adequate preparations.

Wu noted that the greatest challenge of a one-year space mission may lie in maintaining "stability" – stable physical and mental conditions, steady and reliable operations, and calm and effective responses to emergencies.

How is China preparing astronauts for the year-long mission?

China has conducted thorough preparations for every aspect of the mission, from the selection stage to the ground training period, said Wu.

During the mission, comprehensive evaluations will be conducted on a monthly basis to assess the astronauts' physical health, mental condition, operational stability, understanding of tasks, overall performance, and ability to cooperate with the subsequent crew, she said, adding that the final decision will be made based on these assessments.

How can China Space Station support future lunar missions?

China's space station is expected to support its future crewed moon missions in three major ways, according to Ji Qiming, spokesperson with the country's manned space program.

First, it helps train experienced astronauts and skilled aerospace research teams. Second, it enables tests and verification of key technologies for lunar exploration. Third, missions involving the Long March-10A rocket and the Mengzhou spacecraft will improve the safety, reliability, and technical maturity of systems intended for future moon landings.

Who will be chosen for future lunar missions?

China aims to achieve its first crewed lunar landing by 2030. Currently, a three-member crew is planned, with two astronauts expected to land on the moon to conduct scientific research and exploration, Ji said.

The astronauts selected for lunar missions will most likely come from those who have carried out space station missions. However, the detailed plan is still being developed, Ji added.