A cybersecurity researcher canceled a hacking conference briefing on how he said he could crack biometric facial recognition on Apple iPhones, at the request of his employer, which called the work “misleading.”
The prospect that Face ID could be defeated is troubling because it is used to lock down functions on tens of millions of iPhones from banking and healthcare apps to emails, text messages and photos.
There is a one in one million chance a random person could unlock a Face ID, versus one in 50,000 chance that would happen with the iPhone's fingerprint sensor, according to Apple.
Face ID has proven more secure than its predecessor, Touch ID, which uses fingerprint sensors to unlock iPhones. Touch ID was defeated within a few days of its 2013 launch.
Apple Senior Vice President of Worldwide Marketing Phil Schiller speaks about the Touch ID on the new iPhone 6s and 6s Plus during a Special Event at Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco, California, September 9, 2015. /VCG Photo
China-based researcher Wish Wu was scheduled to present a talk entitled “Bypass Strong Face ID: Everyone Can Deceive Depth and IR Camera and Algorithms” at the Black Hat Asia hacking conference in Singapore in March. Wu told Reuters that his employer, Ant Financial, asked him to withdraw the talk from Black Hat, one of the largest and most prestigious organizers of hacking conferences.
Ant Financial's Alipay payment system is compatible with facial recognition technologies including Face ID.
Nobody has publicly released details on a successful Face ID hack that others have been able to replicate since Apple introduced the feature in 2017 with the iPhone X, according to biometric security experts. The company has introduced three other Face ID phones: iPhone XS, XS Max and XR.
Wu told Reuters that he agreed with the decision to withdraw his talk, saying he was only able to reproduce hacks on iPhone X under certain conditions, but that it did not work with iPhone XS and XS Max.
“In order to ensure the credibility and maturity of the research results, we decided to cancel the speech,” he told Reuters in a message on Twitter.
An Apple spokesman declined to comment.
“The research on the face ID verification mechanism is incomplete and would be misleading if presented,” Ant Financial said in a statement.
Black Hat withdrew an abstract of the talk from its website in late December after Ant uncovered problems with the research.
The abstract claimed that Face ID could be hacked with an image printed on an ordinary black-and-white printer and some tape. The only other claim of a Face ID hack was in 2017 by a Vietnamese cybersecurity company Bkav, which posted it on YouTube videos. Other researchers have not been able to replicate that attack.
Apple's facial recognition uses a combination of cameras and special sensors to capture a three-dimensional scan of a face that allows it to identify spoofs with photographs or determine if the user is asleep or otherwise not looking at the phone. /VCG Photo
Apple's facial recognition uses a combination of cameras and special sensors to capture a three-dimensional scan of a face that allows it to identify spoofs with photographs or determine if the user is asleep or otherwise not looking at the phone.
It is rare for talks to be pulled from cybersecurity conferences such as Black Hat, whose events are attended by professionals looking to understand emerging hacking threats.
Black Hat told Reuters it had accepted Wu's talk because Wu convinced its review board he could pull off the hack.
“Black Hat accepted the talk after believing the hack could be replicated based on the materials provided by the researcher,” conference spokeswoman Kimberly Samra said.
Anil Jain, a Michigan State University computer science professor who is an expert on facial recognition, said he was surprised by Wu's claim because Apple has invested heavily in “anti-spoofing” technology that makes such hacks very difficult.