The tow-an-iceberg plan being floated to ease Cape Town drought

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It is a plan as crazy as the situation is desperate – towing an iceberg from Antarctica to Cape Town to supply fresh water to a city in the grip of drought.

Earlier this year, Cape Town came within weeks of shutting off all its taps and forcing residents to queue for water rations at public standpipes.

The cut-off was narrowly averted as people scrambled to reduce their water usage and autumn rains saved the day. But the threat is expected to return to the coastal South African city again next year and beyond.

Drought-hit Cape Town earlier this year came within weeks of shutting off all its taps and forcing residents to queue for water rations at public standpipes. /AFP Photo

"The idea sounds crazy," admitted maverick salvage expert Nick Sloane, the brains behind the tow-an-iceberg scheme. "But if you look at the fine details, it is not so crazy."

Sloane suggests wrapping the iceberg in a textile insulation skirt to stop it melting and using a supertanker and two tugboats to drag it 2,000 kilometers towards Cape Town using prevailing ocean currents.

The iceberg, carefully selected by drones and radiography scans, would be about one kilometer in length, 500 meters across and up to 250 meters deep, with a flat, tabletop surface.

Melted water could be gathered each day using collection channels and a milling machine to create ice slurry – producing 150 million liters of usable water every day for a year.

'Purest freshwater on earth'

Sloane's idea might be dismissed as mere fantasy.

But the 56-year-old Zambian-South African has a reputation for taking on the impossible after he re-floated the giant Costa Concordia cruise ship that capsized in 2012 off the Tuscan island of Giglio, killing 32 people – one of the world's largest and most complex maritime salvage operations.

"Icebergs are made of the purest freshwater on earth," the founder of Sloane Marine Ltd. said earnestly.

"Thousands break off every year. Mother Nature has been teasing mankind with this for a long time, saying 'this is here.'"

He estimates it would cost 100 million US dollars to haul an iceberg on a journey that could take up to three months, and another 50 to 60 million to harvest the water for one year as it melts.

"In Russia, they have pushed (icebergs) away from oil installations – but small ones, they are about half-a-million tons. (Here) we are talking about 100 million tons," said Sloane.

Weighing up options

To tackle the drought, Cape Town has enacted measures ranging from building seawater desalination plants to issuing strict instructions to only flush toilets when necessary.

A dried out dam is pictured on a farm in Piket Bo-berg, Piketberg, north of Cape Town, South Africa on March 7, 2018, as a result of a three-year-long drought. /VCG Photo

But whether Cape Town authorities will be persuaded to embrace the iceberg project is unclear.

"At this stage, it appears to us that in fact, the groundwater or desalination options are cheaper or at least equal cost price," said Cape Town's deputy mayor, Ian Neilson.

There are also questions on how the water from the iceberg will be channeled into the city's distribution system.

Another problem is that there is no guarantee that by the time the iceberg is hauled to Cape Town, it will still be able to produce the promised volumes of water.

Sloane plans to tow the giant iceberg some 150 km further north to South Africa's St. Helena Bay, where the cold Benguela Current keeps water at around zero degrees Celsius.

'The project is crazy'

Once there, the iceberg could be anchored in an old submarine channel, suggested Sloane.

As the iceberg melts, water will be collected each day, pumped into tankers and driven to Cape Town.

"It won't sort out Cape Town's crisis, (but) it will be about 20 to 30 percent of their annual needs," said Sloane.

"The project is crazy – no question," said Olav Orheim, a Norwegian glaciologist with four decades of experience who is working on a similar project for Saudi Arabia.

Dr. Olav Orheim, a renowned Norwegian glaciologist (R) and Edward Malinaric, a retired marine engineer, talks about a presentation at the African Utility Week conference, showing how an iceberg might be towed to Cape Town to alleviate the drought affecting the region on May 16, 2018, in Cape Town, South Africa. /VCG Photo‍

Never has such a large iceberg been towed – indeed, the towing of ice to supply drinking water would be a first – and it is unknown if it would withstand ocean currents or simply fracture in transit.

But Orheim said it was no longer unrealistic "because we know so much more now than when we started this kind of research 40 years ago."

"It is a high-risk project, but also (one) which may have a very high reward at the end," said Orheim.

For Wolfgang Foerg, the chief executive of Swiss company Water Vision which has teamed up with Sloane, the project has huge potential in the face of ever more frequent drought.

As for Sloane, he is ready for the green light.

"If they tell us to go now, we can have it here by Easter (2019)," he said.

(Top image: Nick Sloane, a 56-year-old Zambian-South African salvor, makes a presentation at the African Utility Week conference, showing how an iceberg might be towed to Cape Town to alleviate the drought affecting the region, in Cape Town, South Africa on May 16, 2018. /VCG Photo)

Source(s): AFP