Since Moscow began its military campaign in Syria in September 2015, about 45 Russian military personnel have been confirmed dead in Syria. It has lost 3 warplanes, 2 transport aircraft and three attack helicopters.
In November 2015, Turkey shot down a Russian Su-24 warplane near the Turkey-Syria border. One pilot was killed. The incident sparked a severe deterioration of bilateral relations.
In December 2016, a military plane carrying 92 people including army musicians crashed into the Black Sea after taking off for Syria. All on board were killed.
In December 2017, shelling damaged several planes at the Russia-operated airbase in Syria. Two Russian servicemen were killed.