How did the CPC become the ruling party in China?

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The Communist Party of China (CPC) was established with just 58 members in 1921, at a critical time in the history of China.

The CPC successfully led a revolution to ensure national independence from feudal rule and colonial aggression, and in 1949 established the People's Republic of China (PRC) and became the ruling party.

So how did the CPC develop so fast?

The CPC was founded in 1921 by revolutionaries, and went on to lead armed struggles against local warlords, foreign powers and, ultimately, the Kuomintang government.

The CPC was established with just 58 members in 1921. /CGTN Photo

The CPC was locked in a civil war with the Kuomintang from 1927, which saw the CPC-led Red Army complete its epic Long March from 1934-35.

The conflict was interrupted by the Second World War, and the two parties fought jointly against Japanese aggressors from 1937 to 1945. The CPC forces grew from over 30,000 to 1.27 million during this period, and after the Japanese were driven out, the civil war resumed.

The People's Republic of China was established in 1949. /CGTN Photo

The CPC emerged victorious and established the PRC in 1949, by which time its forces had swelled to 4.7 million. The Party implemented a socialist system that aimed to safeguard the fundamental interests of the Chinese people.

What lay behind its success?

The CPC's fast growth was linked to its rural land reform. Many peasants were given farm land, and joined the army to protect their gains.

The CPC grew rapidly during the fights against both the Kuomintang and Japanese forces, and established close relations with other political parties in the fight for peace and democracy.

There were many reasons for the CPC’s success, but most importantly, it won the support of the people.

19th CPC National Congress animations

How does one become a CPC member?

How does China’s political system work?

What are the other political parties in China?